Haloacetic Acids

Haloacetic Acids Filter

What Are Haloacetic Acids (HAAs)?

如何产生卤乙酸？

可以通过水的氯化，臭氧或氯化来形成HAA；饮用水的消毒过程可以创建HAA作为消毒副产品（DBP）。当水更酸性，水含有高的有机物含量和/或水通常变暖时，HAA形成进一步促进。水中的氯与水中的有机物和溴反应，产生各种HAA。

What Are the Main Haloacetic Acids?

The five most common haloacetic acids – known collectively as HAA5, are:

1. monochloroacetic acid (MCA)
2. dichloroacetic acid (DCA)
3. trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
4. 单子乙酸（MBA）
5. 二纤维乙酸（DBA）

在具有河流或水库等地表水源的水供应中，更有可能发现高水平的HAA5。在地下水中发现HAA5的可能性较小，因为土壤和岩石作为减少有机物的过滤器。当添加氯以杀死细菌和其他致病性微生物时，可以作为消毒副产物（DBP）创建HAA5。yabovip3

为什么我需要在饮用水中除去卤乙酸？

Haloacetic acids in water – and particularly HAA5 in water – are quite dangerous, and can arguably be declared as some of the more dangerous water disinfection byproducts. If your water contains the federal limit of haloacetic acids, your chance of developing cancer is 1 in 10,000; the longer you are exposed to the federal limit, the higher your chance of developing cancer. HAAs are also especially dangerous for pregnant women.

Although high levels of direct contact exposure to water with HAA5 or other HAAs is unlikely, its occurrence can result in red and irritated skin and eyes, as well as difficulty breathing. Water treatment is therefore very important to reduce HAA5 levels, and a haloacetic acids water filter becomes a valuable tool for home drinking water safety.

What Are the Effects of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water?

The most prominent of the haloacetic acids’ health effects is an increased risk of cancer. The EPA reports that prolonged exposure to haloacetic acids in water suggest this increased vulnerability, while other studies suggest an increased risk of liver tumors and liver cancer. Some critics state that correlation between the development of tumors and cancer with HAA exposure in water has only occurred in animals so far. Despite this, enough of a connection exists that it remains important to avoid excessive levels of haloacetic acids in drinking water, and to consider the use of a haloacetic acids water filter.

Exposure to haloacetic acids may also lead to an increased risk of birth defects. Although extensive studies have not been conducted on links between HAA exposure and human birth defects, studies on rats have demonstrated poor fetal growth and higher incidences of malformed heart and kidneys when pregnant rats have been exposed to high doses of HAA.

Even surface exposure to haloacetic acids may cause negative health effects, such as severe skin irritation. Both short- and long-term exposure to high levels of haloacetic acids in water can cause inflammation, skin loss, and damage to the structural protein, collagen. In some cases of exposure, skin damage can last from 2 to 15 weeks.

人们如何接触HAA？

Short-Term (Acute) Effects of HAA

短期效应不太可能由于HAA博览会ure. When concentrated, HAAs have irritant and corrosive properties to the skin and eyes. However, the concentrations that form from disinfection are extremely dilute. For example, the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) typically found in drinking water with elevated haloacetic acids is at least one million times weaker than the concentration of TCA used in products for cosmetic skin peels. Additionally, although called “acids,” HAAs in water are at least partially in non-acidic states.

Long-Term (Chronic) Effects of HAA

二氯乙酸（DCA）已在某些代谢性疾病的治疗过程中使用了多年，其剂量的剂量比任何人在饮用水中的接触都要高约10,000倍。在患者中看到的一些影响包括嗜睡，新陈代谢的变化 - 例如空腹葡萄糖和胆固醇的降低以及对神经系统（手指和脚趾刺痛）的轻度毒性作用。DCA治疗结束后，这些影响消退。在研究中给动物的高浓度的卤乙酸下，在肝脏，睾丸，胰腺，脑和神经系统中已经鉴定出毒性作用。

Reproductive and Developmental Effects of HAA

High concentrations of HAA in animal studies have demonstrated increased developmental effects, including heart and kidney malformations, and lower growth rates in newborns. There are mixed results from human studies of the developmental effects of disinfection byproducts (which include HAA5) exposure. Recent studies have not observed most of the developmental effects found in earlier studies, although some studies continue to find associations between increasing disinfection byproduct exposure and growth deficits in newborns (e.g., lower than normal birth weight).

Carcinogenic Effects of HAA

美国环境保护局（EPA）认为二氯乙酸（DCA）和三氯乙酸（TCA）是潜在的人类致癌物。动物研究表明，肝癌的发生率有所增加。在一些人类研究中，包括HAA5在内的DBP的暴露增加了膀胱癌的发生率。人类研究尚未确认DCA或TCA暴露会增加癌症的风险，尽管基于动物数据 - 在当前的HAA5调节水平上，据估计，每10年暴露每10年的癌症风险将增加约10,000个。。

多重能否保护您免受水中的卤酸保护？

Reducingdisinfection byproducts (DBP)在供水系统中，涉及平衡防止急性疾病暴发与长期DBP暴露的健康风险的好处。氯和其他消毒剂仍然是在大规模市政水平治疗饮用水中有害微生物污染物的宝贵工具。随着对DBP的认识和分析（包括HAAS）的增加，因此必须权衡DBP的风险和危害与当前消毒方法的好处。目前，HAA暴露的风险以及在消毒饮用水中接触其他DBP的风险 - 表明需要个人，使用点（POU）水过滤，这是提高饮用水质量的另一种安全措施。

POU水过滤的使用加强了study published in August 2006, which found that total levels of HAAs in drinking water were not affected by storage or boiling, but that filtration was effective in decreasing levels.

倍增'sactive carbon block filters用作卤乙酸的水过滤器，通过包括机械过滤，物理吸附，化学吸附和催化的机制组合来降低其浓度。In addition to mitigating haloacetic acids’ health effects by reducing their presence in tap water, Multipure’s carbon block also reduces the presence of other potentially harmful contaminants in drinking water like asbestos, cysts, particulates, lead, mercury, PCBs, radon, toxaphene, and chlorine.

倍增'sAqualuxe,Aquaperform,Aquaversa， 和海蓝色drinking water systems are NSF-certified according to NSF/ANSI标准42（审美效应，例如氯和可能影响水的味道和气味的颗粒），标准53(Health Effects, e.g., asbestos, lead, and HAAs), and标准401(Emerging Compounds/Incidental Contaminants, e.g., pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and herbicides) for the reduction of dozens of contaminants. NSF certification offers the consumer the assurance and peace of mind that comes with third-party testing and verification. NSF certification lets consumers know that Multipure’s products perform at the exceptional level claimed for the reduction of a broad range of contaminants.

Order Your Haloacetic Acids Water Filter and Other Multipure Products Now

一种强大的型饮用水处理设备，根据NSF/ANSI饮用水标准53的NSF标准认证，可改善您的饮用水质量并保护您的水和健康。

If you are interested in a system to protect your drinking water from HAAs or other contaminants, please check out Multipure's Drinking Water Systems below or contact your local Multipure Independent Builder for more information.