细菌,病毒
细菌和病毒水过滤
什么是细菌和病毒？
细菌和病毒在饮用水中是不可取的，是传染病和疾病的媒介。供水中已知的细菌和病毒的存在引起紧急警报，“开水”通知，并且经常促使消费者寻找细菌和病毒的滤水器。
A virus is a type of microscopic infectious organism that consists of an acidic nucleus in a protein shell. Unlike bacteria, viruses are not consider living organisms, as they do not grow or make their own energy; viruses are more like unauthorized blueprints, forcing other cells to create more viruses. Viruses that infect human cells and cause diseases are called enteric viruses; of these, the viruses that are waterborne and considered of significant public health concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) are adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A and E, rotavirus, norovirus, and enteroviruses. Other viruses, such as influenza and coronaviruses, may be transmittable through drinking water, but the evidence is currently inconclusive, and more health information is required.
尽管并非所有细菌和病毒都能通过水生存和传播，但对于个人来说，考虑它们是否需要细菌滤水器或病毒滤液过滤器仍然很重要。此外，去除细菌或病毒的饮用水过滤器并不常见，因为这种功能超出了您可能在超市架子上发现的许多廉价水过滤器。当涉及到一般消费级水过滤时，细菌和病毒并不是很高的重点。这意味着饮用水中可能存在的病毒和细菌可能很容易通过过时的滤水器。
How Do Bacteria and Viruses Affect People?
水中的细菌的存在并不一定会使水不安全，但是有害细菌（病原体）可能导致腹泻，腹部痉挛和头痛等症状。Many harmful (enteric) viruses have been associated with gastroenteritis, which can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramping, vomiting, and fever. Some of the more severe illnesses associated with viral infections include encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, cancer, and hepatitis.
对于病原体和肠道病毒，幼儿，老年人，免疫系统疲软的人和孕妇尤其容易受到其疾病和症状的影响。
可能的细菌和病毒水污染的指标有什么指标？
- Turbidity – cloudy water – is a visible indicator of possible bacterial or viral contamination of water. Particulates in water that make it appear cloudy can hinder disinfection, allowing for the growth and reproduction of bacteria, viruses, and other disease-causing organisms.
- Another indicator is the presence of coliforms in the water. Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment, and their presence indicates that other, potentially harmful bacteria may also be present (a warning sign is if coliforms are found in more samples than allowed).
- A third indicator is the presence of what are known as fecal indicators. Fecal indicators – enterococci or coliphage – are microbes linked to the presence of human or animal wastes in water; their presence can cause short-term human health effects.
How Do Municipalities Treat Bacteria and Viruses in Drinking Water?
市政水处理厂在通过管道到达房屋之前将水消毒，尽管消毒的功效可能会因水浊度过多而受到阻碍。氯和氯胺是在水中添加的普通消毒剂，以治疗细菌和病毒的存在，因为水是在整个市政当局中分布的。尽管存在消毒剂，但在整个水基础设施本身中，仍然可以进行交叉污染。市政消毒的功效将根据特定的病原体，水的pH，水温，颗粒物的存在，原生动物的存在和水浊度而有所不同。因此，市政消毒（通常有效）绝不是100％的解决方案。Why Do I Need to Remove Bacteria and Viruses from My Water?
Because the symptoms from exposure to harmful bacteria and viruses includes gastrointestinal issues, meningitis, hepatitis, and other very serious diseases, it is important to consider a water filter for bacteria and viruses.What Are Some Methods to Filter Bacteria and Viruses in Drinking Water?
一些最常用的病毒滤水器和过滤细菌的方法包括紫外线（UV）处理，氯和氯胺消毒以及机械或吸附过滤。紫外线处理涉及在汞蒸气中撞击电弧时的紫外线。通过圆柱汞弧光暴露于紫外线可以通过破坏水中存在的细菌和病毒来消毒水。高水质浊度可以降低紫外线处理作为去除病毒和细菌的水过滤器的有效性，因为云彩可以阻止紫外线。氯通常被大多数城市用作细菌/病毒的有效治疗方法。就像紫外线处理一样，水中的高浊度可以降低消毒的有效性。氯胺是市政水处理厂中越来越多的氯替代品。一种由氯和氨组成的化合物，在消毒水时的效力不如氯。倍增如何保护我免受细菌和病毒的侵害？
Although the core of our drinking water systems' incredible performance is our exceptional solid carbon block filter, the key to Multipure’s water filter virus and bacteria treatment is our Aqualuxe drinking water system and our proprietary PureBlock technology. This powerful additional layer of protection offers 6-log (99.9999%) removal of bacteria, 4-log (99.99%) removal of viruses, and 3-log (99.9%) removal of live cysts from drinking water. In addition, the filter utilizes mechanical filtration, physisorption, chemisorption, and catalysis to reduce the presence of other harmful chemicals and contaminants.
在考虑细菌和病毒滤液过滤器时，这种高水平的保护以及验证它的认证绩效主张是最重要的考虑因素。